Baisha Township is located in the northern part of the Penghu Islands and encompasses Baisha Island, Jhongtun Island, Niao Island, Yuanbei Island, Jibei Island, Dacang Island and Mudou Island. In addition to these seven inhabited islands, there are also another twenty uninhabited islands as well, making it the local jurisdiction with the most islands in Penghu County. The name Baisha came about due to the abundance of fine white sand on the island and means "White Sand". The island's rugged coastline consists of cliffs, reefs, pristine sandy beaches and translucent green seawater. Nearby islands such as Siaobaisha Island, Niao Island and Yuanbei Island have cliffs that consist of weathered basalt pillars. Their well-developed erosion patterns are not only studied by geologists but also provide the general public with a place to learn about nature's more unusual features. Siaobaisha Island has now been declared a Columnar Basalt Nature Reserve by the Council of Agriculture.

As the Baisha islands bore the brunt of the waves thrown up by the northeasterly winds every year, their shores are lined with wave-cut platforms. These are home to all kinds of marine life and provide migratory birds with a great place to feed. The general public can venture into these areas to learn about life in the intertidal zone or collect sea snails and shells as well.